A reborn Persian Empire captured Rome's lands?and its emperor
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the Battle of Edessa
Summary
His expansionist ambitions were reflected in the title he adopted: âKing of Iran and of non-Iran.â He continued to wage military campaigns on the Roman Empireâs eastern borders and found success during a time of political and economic instability for Rome.An enthroned Sassanian king forms the center of a fifth- or sixth-century bowl inlaid with garnets and other gems. (See the face of a man from the last days of the Roman Empire.)A relief at the Naqsh-e Rostam necropolis depicts Sassanian King Shapur forcing the Roman emperor Valerian (left) to surrender. The necropolis was originally established by the ancient Persian kings, and lies near Persepolis, founded in the fifth century B.C. by Darius I.Sassanian kings ruled people of many cultures and ethnicities. The third-century religious leader Mani, whose Manichean theology contains both Christian and Zoroastrian influences, was tolerated, but around 274 the Zoroastrian priesthood successfully agitated for his execution.After Christianity became the official faith of the Roman Empire in 380, Sassanian leaders associated it with the enemy. (Rome's borders were the beginning of its end.)Astonishing Sassanian metalwork, and the grandeur of the dynastyâs stone reliefs at Naqsh-e Rostam and Taq-e Bostan have survived to proclaim the achievements of the last Persian kings.Scholarship also flourished in the later Sassanian period: In the sixth century, Khosrow I founded the Academy at Gondishapur, where he gave refuge to Nestorian Christians fleeing persecution. The flame of scholarship, lit by the Sassanian kings, would later find its way to Europe, whose societies it would help transform.Situated near Persepolis, the Naqsh-e Rostam necropolis contains the tombs of four rulers of the Persian Empire from the fifth century B.C.: Darius I, Xerxes I, Ataxerxes I, and Darius II.
As said here by Miguel A?ngel Andr?s-Toledo